Assessment of Potential Heavy Metal Contamination Hazards Based on GIS and Multivariate Analysis in Some Mediterranean Zones

One of the most significant challenges that global decision-makers are concerned about is soil contamination. It also related to food security and fertility. The quality crops in Egypt being severely impacted by increased heavy metal content soils middle Nile Delta. In Egypt’s Delta, fifty random samples were chosen. Inverse distance weighting (IDW) was used create spatial pattern maps for four metals: Cd, Mn, Pb, Zn. contamination levels research area assessed using principal component analysis (PCA), factors (CF), geoaccumulation index (I-Geo), improved Nemerow pollution (In). findings demonstrated PCA, concentrations divided into two clusters. Moreover, majority study region (44.47%) be heavily extremely polluted metals. conclusion, integrating indices CF, I-Geo, with GIS technique multivariate model, establishes a practical helpful strategy assessing hazard could serve as basis effective mitigation efforts.